Dog Breeds: Ainu Dog

Also known as the Hokkaido Dog, Hokkaidoken, Hokkaïdo, Ainu-Ken, or Ainu Inu, the Ainu Dog is rarely seen outside Japan. The true origin of this breed is unknown, but they came to Japan with the Ainu tribe almost 3000 years ago. The dog became a guardian of the tribe mostly due to their suspicion of strangers and their desire to protect. This breed is thought to have a common ancestor with both the Chow Chow and the Shar Pei because of the black spots on the tongue. This is, however, purely speculation. We do know that the Ainu Dog is proficient at guarding people and property and is useful as a big game hunting dog and a draft animal.

Physically, the Ainu is thin, muscular, sturdy, and strong. This quick dog has a light gait and small ears that stand erect and are at a right angle to the brow. The eyes are small and set triangularly and almost always a deep brown in color. In many associations, eyes other than brown are an immediate disqualification. There are black spots on the tongue of many, but not all Ainu Dogs have this distinct trait. The nose and lips should both be black or a very dark brown. Pink is not acceptable in any association in which the breed is recognized. The coat of the dog should be straight and dense and may come in a variety of colors, including sesame, brindle, wolf gray, red, brown or white.

The Ainu Dog is considered fearless and determined but also well behaved and loyal. These traits make the Ainu attractive as a hunter, guard dog, or watchdog. They are also popular sled dogs due to their strength and muscular legs. As an intelligent breed, the Ainu is quickly trained and excels as a scent dog, making them attractive as tracking hounds. An innate sense of direction allows this dog to find its way home over great distances and has even been known to rescue a lost person from the depths of the woods, guiding them gently to safety.

As a house pet, these dogs are a bit of a paradox. When raised among small children, the Ainu can make the perfect family dog. Introducing an adult Ainu to small children and pets, however, can be fraught with difficulty. They can be stubborn and headstrong and sometimes refuse to accept smaller family members. It is generally recommended that this dog either be raised among children or have no contact with children. The middle ground doesn't seem to work well with this breed.

Standing from 18 to 22 inches tall, this dog is not a very good apartment dog. Their thick coats and active nature generally mean they need a yard. The Ainu can stay outside in most weather due to their thick coat, but in the summer it's important to make sure your Ainu is not overheating. Heat stroke can be a significant problem with this delightful breed.

With moderate exercise this breed can be the perfect companion or working dog. But they do need a strong pack leader. If you're considering the Ainu as an addition to your family, you should certainly be ready to lead.